Privacy and Security Points D-Link Router

Question: Discuss about the Privacy and Security Points D-Link Router. Answer: Introduction Ethical Dilemma is defined as a complex situation that leads the individual to select between the two choices when neither of the choices is helpful in bringing positive result on the society as well as to the individual (Ball, Borger and Greenwald 2013).The report illustrates FTC IoT privacy and security push points out D-Link router and webcam flaws. The scenario discusses the privacy as well as security challenges that are faced by the Us Federal trade Commission. The case study suggests that FTC have charged D-link Corporation and its different American subsidiary for putting the privacy at risk. (Cobb2017). The Taiwan based computer networking equipment manufacturer was charged by FTC as the organization provides inadequate security of its cameras as well as computer routers. The case study illustrates the challenges that FTC needs to face in context with data privacy as well as security in the US as it is applied to the IoT. In this assignment, the case study is reviewed from the viewpoint of stakeholders for analyzing the problem. The report also discusses different types of ethical obligations, reasons for solving the problem using ethical avenues and guidance provided by Australian Computer Societys Code of Ethics. Ethical issue from the viewpoint of the stakeholder The scenario FTC IoT privacy and security push points out D-Link router and webcam flaws reflects the ethical issues that are faced by the people. The D-link Corporation, which is Taiwan based manufacturer of computer networking equipment, has put many of its consumers at risks. From the viewpoint of the consumers, the organization D-link Corporations have provided routers as well as cameras with inadequate security. This means that the consumers that have used the cameras as well as routers have faced number of ethical issues due to absence of proper and effective security. The actions of D-link Corporations have put the data privacy as well as security of US at risk as specifically they are associated with Internet of Things (Kshetri 2013). The consumers claimed that according to the policies of FTC the organization is having unfair business practices (Hall and McGraw 2014). They claimed that the organization D-link sells their products by advertising that their product uses very m uch advanced security system for protecting the private data of the consumers, which is not true. This leads that D-Link Corporations make an unjustified product claim for increasing their sales as well as revenues. The criteria used by D-link is very much unethical as many other vendors utilizes the products who might be honest to their client but due to the unfair practices of the organization they loses not only their brand but also their sales. The vendor that uses the product may faces number of challenges due to the critical flaws that are present in the routers. The FTC makes a complainant against the organization that they utilizes a tag line mentioning that by using their products, data and information can be secured easily (Agaku, et al. 2014). The tagline, which is used by D-Link Corporation, has attracted many vendors who became the victim of security flaws and their data as well as information are in danger. The unfair practices by D-Link have put many of the consumers privacy at risk. Reasons for solving the problem using ethical avenues rather than legal ones It is quite important to resolve the problem by utilizing some of the ethical avenues rather using legal ones. This is because the D-Link Corporation has used unfair business practices and the consumers that have used the products of the organization are facing huge challenges due to the loss of data and information. The problem can only be resolved if the D-Link organization uses proper as well as effective steps in improving the security of the products. The products must be submitted to some other organization for scrutiny (Eun, Lee and Oh 2013). This not only helps in increasing the assurance but it also helps in improving the security as well as privacy of the products. There are number of additional flaws, which are present in the D-link corporations, which can only be improved by using ethical avenues than legal ones. It has been analyzed that a command injection, which is considered as a software flaw, is present in the organization (Xiong et al. 2013). This flaw helps in ena bling the remote attackers for controlling the routers of the consumers by forwarding them to unauthorized commands over the Internet. The most significant problem that is analyzed can be solved legally is that private key code which is utilized for signing into the organization was present on a public website for a round six months. The organization must take proper decisions for resolving the issue (Pearson 2013).. The FTC must also need to support the organization so that they can improve their privacy as well as security. The ethical steps taken by the organization not only helps D-Link increasing their brand image but also helps their vendors in increasing their sales. The legal steps are not worthy enough to improve the security of the products of the organization because it does not provide D-link the opportunity to improve the security of their product by taking help from an outsider (Cobb 2017). The ethical steps helps in resolving all the ethical challenges and also helps the organization in providing advanced security that further assists them to have fair business practice so that no one can blame them o r can charge them legally. Ethical obligations that the stakeholders have towards one another as well as general population The vendors of the organization D-Link Corporation have certain obligations against one another as well as the populations. The vendors or the other small organization that uses the products are very much honest to the customers and therefore they did not want to cheat them. In order to provide them with proper product the organizations needs to improve the security as well as privacy of the products delivered by D-Link Corporations as the organization D-link uses unfair practices of business (Cobb 2017). They provide computer routers as well as cameras with inadequate securities and the vendor of the organization who uses the products of the company faces huge ethical challenges due to inadequate privacy as well as security (Sen et al. 2013).The consumers or the vendors of the organization detect the problem and thus them wants to resolve it. The main obligations of these organizations are to provide proper security as well as privacy to the data and information of the clients and as a result in order to fulfill those obligations they tried to improve the quality of products that are supplied by D-Link. Therefore the vendors claimed that the products delivered by the organization D-Link Corporation does not have advanced security for protecting the private data. FTC has charged a case against D-link blaming that the organization uses tagline that there product is very much secure which is not correct. The action of D-link is very much immoral whereas it is analyzed that the steps taken by the vendors are moral on the basis of ethical obligations (Ancker et al. 2013).This is because the actions taken by the vendors helps in improving the quality of product of D-link and it must also forbids D-link engagement in immoral activities of business. As a result the vendors of the organization follows ethical obligations for provi ding privacy as well as security to their clients by using methods that are helpful in improving the product of D-Link Corporations. Guidance provided by Australian Computer Societys Code of Ethics The American Code of Ethics is a part of ACS constitution. It helps in providing some of the guidance or implications in order to resolve the ethical issue. The implications include: The Primacy of the Public Interest: The organization must provide products with proper privacy as well as security as it helps in attracting more number of customers and automatically the sales of the organization increases. The Enhancement of quality of Life: The D-link must improve its quality of product be providing proper security to the products (Pathan 2016). It helps in securing the data as well as information off the users. It not only enhances the quality of life of the users but also increases the brand image of the organization. Honesty: Honesty is very much required by D-link as it provides product with inadequate security (Pearson 2013).The organization must be honest by using fair means of business practices so that it does not create a challenge for the users. Competence: The D-link organization as well as its vendors must work with proper competence in order to resolve the challenge (Dinev et al. 2013). It not only helps in minimizing the problem but also helps in improving the products of D-link. Professional Development: The organization D-link Corporations must enhance professionalism among themselves as well as its workers in order to deliver product with advanced security. Professionalism: If D-link uses fair means of business by providing advanced security within its products then the organization will be helpful in enhancing integrity in society. It also helps in increasing the brand image of the organization. Conclusion It can be concluded that D-link is practicing business in an unfair way which creates numerous ethical challenges for its users. It is analyzed that in order to improve the security of the products the organization must follow some rules. The charge that is provided by FTC helps the organization in improving their security by taking the help of the outside scrutinizer. It is identified from the overall scenario that the actions taken by vendors are very much moral whereas the actions of D-link is considered as immoral. This is because D-link provides provide computer routers as well as cameras with inadequate securities and the vendor of the organization who uses the products of the company faces huge ethical challenges due to inadequate privacy as well as security. It is identified that the organization must resolve the problem ethically as the ethical steps not only helps in resolving all the ethical challenges but it also helps the organization in providing advanced security which further assists them to have fair business practice so that no one can blame them or can charge them legally. The American Code of Ethics helps in providing guidance for resolving the issues. References Agaku, I.T., Adisa, A.O., Ayo-Yusuf, O.A. and Connolly, G.N., 2014. Concern about security and privacy, and perceived control over collection and use of health information are related to withholding of health information from healthcare providers.Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association,21(2), pp.374-378. Ancker, J.S., Silver, M., Miller, M.C. and Kaushal, R., 2013. Consumer experience with and attitudes toward health information technology: a nationwide survey.Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association,20(1), pp.152-156. Ball, J., Borger, J. and Greenwald, G., 2013. Revealed: how US and UK spy agencies defeat internet privacy and security.The Guardian,6. Cobb, S. (2017).FTC IoT privacy and security push points out D-Link router and webcam flaws. [online] WeLiveSecurity. Available at: https://www.welivesecurity.com/2017/01/06/ftc-d-link-iot-privacy-and-security/ [Accessed 8 Jan. 2017]. Dinev, T., Xu, H., Smith, J.H. and Hart, P., 2013. Information privacy and correlates: an empirical attempt to bridge and distinguish privacy-related concepts.European Journal of Information Systems,22(3), pp.295-316. Eun, H., Lee, H., and Oh, H., 2013. Conditional privacy preserving security protocol for NFC applications.IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics,59(1), 153-160. Hall, J.L. and McGraw, D., 2014. For telehealth to succeed, privacy and security risks must be identified and addressed.Health Affairs,33(2), pp.216-221. Kshetri, N., 2013. Privacy and security issues in cloud computing: The role of institutions and institutional evolution.Telecommunications Policy,37(4), pp.372-386. Nepomuceno, M.V., Laroche, M. and Richard, M.O., 2014. How to reduce perceived risk when buying online: The interactions between intangibility, product knowledge, brand familiarity, privacy and security concerns.Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services,21(4), pp.619-629. Pathan, A.S.K. ed., 2016.Security of self-organizing networks: MANET, WSN, WMN, VANET. CRC press. Pearson, S., 2013. Privacy, security and trust in cloud computing. InPrivacy and Security for Cloud Computing(pp. 3-42). Springer London Sen, M., Dutt, A., Agarwal, S. and Nath, A., 2013, April. Issues of privacy and security in the role of software in smart cities. InCommunication Systems and Network Technologies (CSNT), 2013 International Conference on(pp. 518-523). IEEE. Xiong, L., Sunderam, V., Fan, L., Goryczka, S. and Pournajaf, L., 2013. Predict: Privacy and security enhancing dynamic information collection and monitoring.Procedia Computer Science,18, pp.1979-1988.

Every Society Has Their Norms and Rules â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: What Is the Every Society Has Their Norms and Rules? Answer: Introducation Common good are the conditions whereby every member of a society is advantaged to. It's the conditions which consist of institutions, an environment where each person can obtain one or more benefits for example schools, hospitals and even clean environment which everybody needs so as to be healthy(Karnani, 2010). Even though everyone needs a healthy environment, security, and peace, there may be some problems which will always emerge in trying to share the responsibilities for the common good as a community. As these challenges arise, there may be solutions to solve them. Critiques Every society has their norms and rules, differences have increased in our community's today due to some groups of people being discriminated against especially the women and the minority groups(Finnis, 2011). These people are denied their rights which they are supposed to perform to contribute to a common interest hence problems arising in coming up with clear agreements on which environment or institution to look up to. People may bring upon different views during discussions, and these may bring about not being committed to contribute to a common interest. In coming with the solution, ideas of some people may be denied while others accepted and this will not have any fairness in how people are treated as those denied the opportunity will be forced to support the ideas of other people. A second challenge according to(Etzioni, 2014) is that in trying to benefit all the people through the common interest, some people do not do their part as required because for any advantage one has to take part to ensure that they maintain the common good. Everyone needs an immaculate environment, but they should take part to ensure the environment is clean. Some people will instead wait for others to do the job for them and they will never take part. When everybody behaves like a free rider, then the common good may be damaged, and no benefits will be enjoyed again. Lastly, another challenge of the joint good is the issue of sharing the costs and benefits. Some groups of people may benefit more than others, and some may incur more costs than others. In doing this, some people are more challenged because they have to bear the burden all alone and this practice will destroy the benefits of the common interest. Solutions Education being the key to success is amongst the benefits that arise from a common interest. If people do not take it seriously, then it may end up being meaningless to them(Biesta, 2015). For them to enjoy this common benefit, then they should always remember that it's their key to success and always to be committed to it. The practices and norms that some communities are practicing are not contributing to the common good. Neglecting some groups and discriminating against them is not always the way forward. Every member of society has their rights and responsibilities which they are supposed to exercise so as to contribute to the development of their community. For any public good to be enjoyed thoroughly by every member, the contribution of people is required. For any community to be developed, right leadership is needed. People should ensure that they elect the leaders whom they think that they will rule them accordingly and in the right manner. With excellent leadership, people enjoy benefits of common good without any interference because they have someone who is always there to help them to lead and rule them(Fortes, M Evans -Pritchard, E. E, 2015). For better governance, we need to wipe out the issue of corruption in our communities. Corruption has been a major threat today whereby people see it as a' medicine to their illness.' This is an issue which has been used by individuals especially in different institutions or heath centers whereby you have to pay before being attended to. This is a challenge that has destroyed the benefits people supposed to enjoy for free. To contribute to a common interest, measures to control corruption should be adopted and those who practice it to be severely punished by the law(Fortes, M Evans -Pritchard, E. E, 2015). By doing this, people will enjoy their benefits without any problems. Every gender both male and female should be treated equally. Nobody should be looked down upon because all sex contributes to common good because everyone has their responsibilities. There are tasks which men can do, and women cannot do, and also some task is only carried out by women. Everybody's contribution is required hence the discrimination against gender should be discouraged. Freedom is the right whereby people are allowed to carry out their activities the way they like. This makes people happy because they are not forced to perform their responsibilities which they already know what to do. Allowing people have freedom of choice, freedom of movement and many other freedoms will make them more responsible, and they will work hard to ensure that the benefits of a common good are well enjoyed(Finnis, 2011). Equal rewards should be allowed to every member of a community for any task that has to be paid for. Nobody should be given more or less than the other as this will reduce the disagreements among the people and hence ensure peace and this will contribute to a common good. This will bring about peace and harmony among the people because there will be no disagreements reported. For the common good to be highly beneficial to the people, the economy of that community should be well enough to serve the needs of the citizens in many ways. It should contribute to creating employment, reducing poverty and ensuring that everyone has access to the benefits. The effect that it will have on people is what matters in contributing to a public good(Etzioni, 2014). To do this, the government must have more economic objectives rather than increasing the GDP. Businesses, government, institutions and any other financial agent are called upon to ensure that they contribute towards a common good. Companies need to be responsible for contributing to the common good in that it should make sure that all the people have access to the products they need and that businesses to be more profitable for them to survive. Those who contribute to the success of the firm should be highly rewarded with enough goods which are beneficial to them and their families. Every company should take part in ensuring that they contribute towards a sustainable development hence common good(Van Kooten, 2011). Lastly, we should make sure that the environment is sustainable and always ensure that we preserve it as it's a law made by GOD that we should care and protect the environment always because when we do so, we will contribute to a public good(Van Kooten, 2011). We depend on each other, and hence we should try to live harmoniously and peacefully because it will contribute to our success in future. The abundant resources in our environment should be used sufficiently because they are meant to be enjoyed by every person. With the sustainable environment, we will contribute to the development and wipe out the poverty in our communities. The importance of the economy is that it brings about equality, protection of human rights, sustainable development, equal participation of all the people in the society hence contributing to a common good(Van Kooten, 2011). References Biesta, G. J. (2015).A good education in an age of measurement: Ethics, politics, democracy. Routledge. Dahl, A., Soss, J. (2014). Neoliberalism for the common good? Public value governance and the downsizing of democracy.Public Administration Review,74(4), 496-504. Etzioni, A. (2014).Common Good. John Wiley Sons, Ltd. Finnis, J. (2011).Human Rights and Common Good: Collected Essays(Vol. 3). Oxford University Press. Fortes, M., Evans-Pritchard, E. E. (2015).African political systems. Routledge. Karnani, A. (2010). The case against corporate social responsibility.Wall Street Journal,23, 1-5. Lenski, G. E. (2013).Power and privilege: A theory of social stratification. UNC Press Books. McCarthy, C. (2014).The Uses of Culture: Education and the limits of ethnic affiliation. Routledge. Schumpeter, J. A. (2013).Capitalism, socialism, and democracy. Routledge. Van Kooten, G. C. (2011).Land resource economics and sustainable development: economic policies and the common good. UBC Press

Who Rules America by G. William Domhoff an Example of the Topic Government and Law Essays by

Who Rules America by G. William Domhoff As it is reported by Domhoff, without privileging a Marxist understanding of class structure of the US, aristocracy turned to be a ruling class having disproportionate amount of evident control. The ruling class has consequential partitions among themselves and this has an impact on creation of two totally different political parties, they also have a solid level of class mind and share many values. The sociology of leadership technique is the tool that is used for proving this hypothesis as well as learning the social-economical descriptions of top-level members of influential institution, from 1932 to 1964 years. The present book is the one that provides the most sensible analyses that I have ever read on the authoritative stricture in America. Need essay sample on "Who Rules America by G. William Domhoff" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed Domhoff starts his analysis with a commonly adopted, politically neutral characterization of social class. Domhoff determines the social class as a large group of people that freely become related with each other (Domhoff p. 4). He talks about institutions that have "elite" membership, that means that in these institutions rich people in roughly the top percentile and also admits that the access to such institutions is limited and being controlled thoroughly. For instance, the Social Register, this is how he calls the upper class statues, will require the proof of social acceptability in the form of a several letters from current members in order to accept and add a new member. Such limitations on the clubs of gentlemen, resorts and schools show that the group of wealth Americans treats each other as social equals and it is said that the group size can hardly be more than 0.5% of the population. "Despite their preponderant power within the federal government and the many useful policies it carries out for them, members of the power elite are constantly critical of government as an alleged enemy of freedom and economic growth. Although their wariness toward government is expressed in terms of a dislike for taxes and government regulations, I believe their underlying concern is that government could change the power relations in the private sphere by aiding average Americans through a number of different avenues: (1) creating government jobs for the unemployed; (2) making health, unemployment, and welfare benefits more generous; (3) helping employees gain greater workplace rights and protections; and (4) helping workers organize unions. All of these initiatives are opposed by members of the power elite because they would increase wages and taxes, but the deepest opposition is toward any government support for unions because unions are a potential organizational base for advoca ting the whole range of issues opposed by the corporate rich." A dominant aspect that makes the group exclusive is the tied-up values and social stratums. According to Domhoff, female associations, debutante balls and guilds function as "corralling the democratic inclinations of libidinal impulses" (Domhoff p.20), clubs and private schools train people to behave and think properly. On the other pages of the book, Domhoff disputes about the fact that the inadequate social mobility into the presented ruling class makes it difficult to navigate that the aspiring family inevitably accepts the old-rich values (Domhoff p. 30, 140). A social manager is involved in the process and arranges dinners with the right people. The social mobility that exists for sure, is very important for the survival of the class system. By co-opting "prominent members of dominated classes," the leaders of what could differently be opposition are neutralized. As a short digression from the topic, the ideological control performed by the ruling class universities is underestimated in the present book, though the subject of upper-class control of the main universities is broached in the book. While Domhoff was writing, the tenure system was the main obstacle that he encountered and he saw to complete control of schools, which has since been deprived. At the time, control was limited to sponsorship and service as trustees (Domhoff p.77). I suppose that Domhoff was not anxious abut schools performing the tasks of social management too much. The reason that I suspect so is because of the fact that he viewed a "traditional classical education" as perilous to the aristocracy, while the true antagonistic education was trade school (Domhoff p.78). After we see the straightforwardness (to say gently) of the ruling class, we should define whether or not there are separate pouches of elite in each city, or if it has national character. The clarity that Domhoff gives for it being state is school admission, multiple club membership, and intrastate intermarriage. If considered separately, this may seem to be a bit faint, nevertheless the further obviousness of interlocking leadership of corporations and other bodies undoubtedly proves that the governing class is not municipal. The next step in the reason is not as well studied as one would like it to be, because of the fact that "the ownership and control of major businesses is the most secret aspect of American society" (Domhoff p. 38). Yet, the information available is disgraceful. Evidently, most of associations (and institutions) are controlled by their board of management, a group of about 10-25 men who meet once or twice a month to make major resolves and appointments (p. 39). These directors are in majority representatives of the ruling class (most of the book consists of lists of these people and their bonds), and often are the members of 7-8 different boards (Domhoff p. 54). This is the substantial tool with which capitalism gained monopoly laws--the directors of major corporations and institutions are practically the same people, and a few wealthy families hold in their arms huge amounts of stock in many different companies, not just one. This virtually gives the ruling class more interest while supporting the whole economic system than they would have owning just the industry (Domhoff p. 40). The present book gives us the ray of hope showing the idea that nevertheless the ruling class merely controls every major body of power of the country, there are substantial philosophical differences among the members of this upper class and it resulted in a bipartisanship system. The author of the book consents to the idea that both parties are controlled by the same upper class, but at the same time adds to this that there are evident differences between the leaders of the parties and its members. As he says, "the leaders of the two parties have intra-class differences; the followers have inter-class and professional differences" (Domhoff p. 86). Also, owing to the lower campaign costs, at the time the Congress wasn't controlled by the ruling class, and the influence was only exerted by the standard lobby channels. References Domhoff William G. (1983) Who Rules America Now? Touchstone Books

The 19th Amendment essays

The 19th Amendment essays Subsequent to the Revolution for freedom, Americans detained a sense of belonging and individuality. The document not to forget the ladies, which calculated each, slave as three-fifths an individual, entirely overlooked women. Comparable to Black people, women were well thought-out as sub-human. Women were looked upon as second-rate to men. The lack of knowledge apprehended by Americans, portrayed logic of displeasure amongst the female population and began the suffragist movements. Women began to recognize that they needed to acquire their efforts on the Constitutional Amendment that would assure women equal rights in a male-dominated society. The Equal Rights Amendment would consequent in a momentous alter within American Society as well as endeavor to terminate the prejudice women were forced to suffer. In the face of massive evidence of gender-based discrimination and the malfunction of guarantees within the Fourteenth Amendment for Women, fumed for a Federal Equal Rights Amendme nt in 1972. The lengthly battle of the Equal Rights Amendment approval, jointly in Congress and amongst Americans, created a distinctive partition amongst the US population. Even though white males enhanced their status amongst North American society, women were still portrayed as inferior to men. The womans rights movement began, and formed outspoken dispute by feminists. In 1923, the ERA was first proposed to be included in the United States Constitution, it declared: Equality of rights should not be denied or abridged by the United States or any State on account of sex. Women therefore stipulated equal representation in society. Nevertheless, they did not realize the degree of conflict, which would arise. Men believed that women were inferior oppose to themselves. They to a great extent strained that, the womans role was to merely accept the roles which American men assigned according to their...

Managing strategic change is fundamental to business success Discuss Essay

Managing strategic change is fundamental to business success Discuss - Essay Example Lewin attempted to explain organizational change by using the example of the physical changes an ice cube undergoes over time. He noted that if you have an ice cube that you want to change to a cone of ice, you melt the ice cube (unfreeze) then you model (change) the water into the cone shape you want by freezing the water (refreeze). By analyzing the change as a process, with specific stages, a manager can begin to monitor and manage the transition. Understanding the reason why the change has to take place is very important in any successful process of change. During the unfreezing stage, some factors have to be accomplished. The organization is prepared in order to accept the changes required. It entails breaking down the existing procedures and management strategies to facilitate the adoption of changes. An important aspect of this process is identifying and developing a good reason why the organization cannot continue in its current way of doing things. Pointers such as poor financial results, declining sales figures, negative feedback from customer satisfaction surveys can be useful in developing the message necessitating the need for change that other people can see, preparing the organization for the impending changes is necessary and the process begins at the center of the organization. Beliefs, attitudes, values, and behaviors that are currently held must be challenged to pave way for the implementation of the needed changes. This is the most problematic stage because by disrupting the way things are usually done, you destabilize people in the organization who depend on routine to perform their daily duties, which may evoke very strong reactions from the people affected. There is uncertainty created. Through challenging the organization to change, a controlled crisis is created that can be a tool for motivation in order to establish a new equilibrium where people are comfortable with the new changes. At

UDL Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

UDL - Assignment Example Lesson ideas are well established by offering full plans, along with tips on introducing the topic, which would help someone to better understand how a topic should be brought up to students. Internet resources about poetry slams, including books and visual aid, supplement the lesson plans and offer extra material to be added, or to allow the teacher to tweak already existing ideas. By providing internet resources and online plans, the lesson is appealing to the modern learning style of using technology to assist comprehension. The chart of alternative methods is extremely useful in understanding how to better deal with children who have special learning requirements. Specific issues are addressed, and then are answered with possible suggestions, backed up by internet resources. Clever solutions are mentioned to deal with comprehension issues, such as using a text-to-speech tool on the computer to help students understand how to read or say certain words. This specific area of the ar ts is perfect for helping students with comprehension and reading techniques.

Current Strategies And Business Model Marketing Essay

Current Strategies And Business Model Marketing Essay This study is considered about the AstraZeneca Plc Company by applying more strategies to their business growth. In this review it considered the key opportunities and challenges of AstraZeneca Plc Company for business growth by using more strategies. This study is required to increase their research and quality conscious of medicines. It analysis the internal organization to produce more quality and cost conscious of the product and also it analysis the strength and weakness of the company. It leads to more growth, sales and revenue of pharmaceutical industry. Table of Contents S.No. Particulars Page No. 1. Introduction 3 2. About AstraZeneca 3 3. Task I 4 4. Task II 11 5. Analysis of AstraZeneca 16 6. Recommendations 16 7. Conclusion 17 8. References 17 Introduction: The pharmaceutical industries are leads to more growth in the new product development. Nowadays there are more new medicines and drugs are created by the biological researchers. There is more business strategy and marketing strategies are used to develop their market and demand in the pharmaceutical industry. Here AstraZeneca Company has recommended to applying the more strategy to this study. In this study we are using descriptive research to this review. For this study, the reference has taken from various sources like journal, article, net links, magazines, textbooks etc. About Astrazeneca: AstraZeneca is one of the leading pharmaceutical company in the world. The company has formed in the year 1999, after the merger of Swedens Astra AB and UKs Zeneca Group plc. David Brennan is the CEO of the company. The head quarters of the company are in London, UK. The AstraZeneca has come across number of new product into the market. AstraZeneca is one of the Third largest pharmaceutical company in the world. There is largest Research Development Centre has formed and it invested about 16 million for every day. The research and development has produced lot of new product for cancer, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal etc.. after the company has merged and it produces a lot of new products and medicines for the patients and doctors. It has aimed to produce a great quality medicine and to innovate more medicines for lot of diseases. And it have objective to improve corporate responsibility to the society and shareholder. http://www.astrazeneca.co.uk/about-us/ (date: 11-01-2010, time: 3.15p.m) There are 66000 employees are working in the AstraZeneca among Europe, Asia, US, Africa etc. The AstraZeneca has 29 manufacturing Sites among the 19 countries. In 2006 the company has achieved $26.5 billion of over all profit. In 2008 the company has achieved and improved $31.5 billion profit. http://www.astrazeneca.co.uk/about-us/keyfacts?itemId=4142279nav=yes (date: 11-01-2010, time: 3.35p.m) TASK I Challenges faced by the AstraZeneca: The AstraZeneca is a largest pharmaceutical company in the world. It works around 100 countries in the world. There are more competitor for pharmaceutical industry. The competitors are Johnson Johnson, merek co, Novarties, Pfizer etc.. the competitor are in world level. So the company has compete world wide, and it challenges to other competitor in new product and development and research. There is more challenges the company has faced by the other outer environment. So the AstraZeneca has develop new medicines for cancer and other diseases. It must aim to give pain relief to the society. http://www.computing.co.uk/computing/news/2255053/case-study-astrazeneca (date: 11-01-2010, time: 4.12p.m) The AstraZeneca has innovate new products and it provide drug pipeline for cancer, cardiovascular and other diseases. So it aims to reduce the cost and it improve drug pipeline for challenging the competitor circle. AstraZeneca has improved its challenges by the way of reducing the cost of medicines and improving the drug pipeline for various diseases. They increase their research and Development centre to the world and it increase product innovation in medical field. Their vision to increase their market to world wide and innovation of great medicines and it must increase the stakeholder value. Mostly AstraZeneca research development is in Sweden, U.K and U.S. because there is more drugs and raw material has available in the particular place. And also they has more talented person in a biological fields. Strategic Research and Development Issues for challenging competitor: The RD manager is only the responsible for the suggesting and implementing the new medicines for the diseases and it must increase the drugs pipeline for the patients. They are improving their new product development by merging the RD department and technologies. The RD managers Job includes: Choosing among alternative new technology to use within the AstraZeneca pharmaceutical company, Development new methods of embodying the new technology in new products and processes and It deploying resources so that the new technology and medicines can be successfully implemented. Research Development Intensity: The company must make available the resources necessary for effective research and development. The AstraZeneca has spend around $3.9 billion for its research and development. The AstraZenecas R D Intensity is a principal means of gaining market share in global competition. So the R D department has focused the drug pipelines for different diseases and it give pain relief to the patients. The research and development has providing more innovative medicine for the patients to give more effective protection for the diseases. Technology Competence: The technology competence is used for both development and technology development in the R D department. The AstraZeneca has more technology to improve its each drugs pipeline to lead the pharmaceutical market. The R D department has improve their technology development for the growth full product of Arimidex, Crestor, Nexium, Seroquel, Symbicort etc., the product which develop in R D department for cancer, cardiovascular, gastreointestinal diseases, asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases etc., So it have the more technology competence for leading the market. http://www.astrazeneca.co.uk/about-us/keyfacts?itemId=4142279nav=yes (date: 11-01-2010, time: 6.19p.m) Technology Transfer: The Astra and Zeneca pharmaceutical company has merging together for improving its R D department and innovation of medicines for disease. So it transfers the technologies to improve the research and development process of each company. The technology transfer has given more challenges towards competitor of other pharmaceutical industry. Research and Development Mix: The R D mix has includes everything that would help to sales, quality control, different medicines and technology development of the AstraZeneca pharmaceutical industry. The company has increase its growth of new product and at the same time it maintain quality control of the medicines. The AstraZeneca R D development has got license to innovation of new medicines for the patients and it has intellectual property rights towards its new products. The R D department has maintain more valuable quality control from biological lab with using effective technologies, sales growth, technical laboratories, development of biological labs and more research information of medicines etc.. Strategic Marketing Challenges: The AstraZeneca Companys marketing manager should be focus the customer wants and product cost. Here the marketing manager must introduce the market position and segmentation, marketing mix and the product life cycle for facing leading competition among the world. Market position and Segmentation: This pharmaceutical industry has focus the hospital and patients who are really affected by the diseases, for new research development and it must increase the focused sales among competitors. The AstraZeneca has increased its sales in selected areas. The market has segmented by the new product and new medicines for the patients. Marketing Mix: The marketing mix is like 4 Ps. Promotion, Price, Place, Product are the marketing mix. The AstraZeneca product has more competition, and it have marketing mix to improve the quality and reducing the cost of medicines, which have the suitable place to sell the medicines to the customer. Product life cycle: AstraZeneca has a product life cycle. In 1999 the Astra and Zeneca Pharmaceutical company has merging and it has a introduction stage of the medicine. In 2000 it has an effective growth towards its medicines especially the product of Arimidex, Crestor, Nexium, Seroquel, Symbicort are have efficient growth. After some period it reached the maturity period and in summer time it has a declining stage of the product. This pharmaceutical company has product life cycle, it depends upon the environment and competitor. If it have various new product development means it have more maturity period of this laboratory industry. Source: Philip kotler Gary Armstrong, Principle of Marketing, Prentice Hall of India, 2007. (date: 10-01-2010, time: 7.13p.m) Key Opportunities of AstraZeneca: The Astra Zeneca has innovate more product and merging with other leading pharmaceutical company for developing more new product and medicines for leading future market among competitor. The AstraZeneca has developing its more valuable new product development and improve drugs pipelines. There is using more technologies and using developing more biological labs for developing its new medicines for the product. http://www.independent.co.uk/news/business/the-player-tom-mckillop-chief-executive-of-astrazeneca-creating-the-right-chemistry-1130990.html (date: 11-01-2010, time: 5.33p.m) Opportunities in Research and Development: There is more opportunities for providing new product and medicines to the customer from merging the pharmaceutical company and other biological labs. There are 22000 employees and they were expert in biological medicines are working research and development field. So they able to dedicate more new products and medicines to the rare diseases and it able increase its sales growth. AstraZeneca has improved its new pharmaceutical product of its continuous process. It must build more biological and innovation activities towards its new medicines. The AstraZeneca laboratories have more building capabilities towards its biological labs and build to research in new medicines from agri-chemical industries. This pharmaceutical industry has very talented in biological laboratories and agricultural chemical business for new medicines. So it have more valuable resources and talented employees in biological industries for the process of future development. This deliver that it develops more opportunities for its continuous growth in new product development and sales growth. Sustainable development of AstraZeneca: AstraZeneca has focus to sustain the continuous new product development. AstraZeneca has improved its research and development centre to the world wide for it sustain to increase its new medicines and innovation activities in pharmacy industry. Economic: The pharmaceutical industrial has impact on economic for increasing its economic value from its new products. So AstraZeneca Plc Company has more depended upon the economic and also in 2004 it increases its economic growth to the country. It has more opportunity to improve its economic development of the new product. Social: AstraZeneca has more value in social responsibilities and to give effective and protected medicine to the patients. So it has a impact in social and other things among the pharmaceutical company. Environment: The Company has environment impact towards its new medicines and research in biological industry. The environment should have the awareness about the diseases and new medicines of its protection. So the AstraZeneca has impact and opportunity in environment level of its new product development. Krishnamoorthy, Environmental Management, published by PHI, 2006. (date: 10-01-2010, time:8.23p.m) TASK II Internal and Organizational Analysis of AstraZeneca Pharmaceutical Industries: It must look at the environment, which AstraZeneca has to face in the market and the opportunities and threats that arise from it. It has an analysis towards its internal and organizational factors to improving its efficiency among competitor in world wide. The organization is depending upon the strength weakness of organization and it turned as opportunity for future. Historical: The AstraZeneca company has more sales after the period of 1999. Because the two pharmaceutical company has merging together and it gave a lot of new products and researches to the society. It 2006 the sales growth is $26.5 billion and in 2008 the sales growth has come around $31.5 billion. The companies profit also increases and it beyond its growth level. After 2008 only it became a down in share market and share value of the product. In that summer time the demand has decreased and the profit has slightly down. Normative: This criterion make use of the judgment, what ought to be the level of performance to classify and element as a strength or a weakness?. Based on industrial practices and personal opinion, norms for evaluation can be developed. The research and development has continuous growth of new product and in 2008 the revenue is $31.5 billion. So if the process of new product stage is declining in the research, then it will be says as weakness. The AstraZeneca company has continuous process of new product. It has a sustainable environment to market their product to the customer. AstraZeneca has come across number of new products and medicines for the cancer, cardiovascular, intestine etc.. Competitive Parity: This criterion was the action of successful competitors or potential competitors. The new medicines are produced by the usage of drugs and some other agri-products. The drugs must used in a certain level. It should not go beyond of the level of drugs in to medicines. The new product will be in quality conscious. Critical factor for Success: Each business is unique and has a set of minimum objectives (i.e) to improve their drugs pipeline and they can set minimum factors of medicine, which should give more effective to the patients. So they are the strength of the company. The critical factors are considered in the pharmaceutical industry and it has able to give continuous growth to the society. This will consider to over all strength to the resources of this pharmacy industry. Pearce, Strategic Management, PHI, 2006 (date: 12-01-2010, time: 3.15p.m) Strength and Weakness of the AstraZeneca Plc.: Internal Factors: Strength Weakness More research centres are in various countries. Brand Name Having skill, experience and quality of their researchers and lab staffs. Agricultural chemical industries are working towards it. Efficient development of R D investment. Key product Development Utilization of various technologies into the biological labs. Competitors are in world wide. The shareholder value is less when compare to other competitor. They invest $16 million to R D for every day to day work. They are dumping their investment to their research itself. Major competitor are Johnson Johnson, Pfize, Bayer, Abbot Laboratories etc.. In AstraZeneca Pharmaceutical industry has more strength of this company is, investment of research and development and continuous growth of new product development. The major weakness of AstraZeneca is a competitor. It has works over 100 countries around the world. so they are marketing their products in the International market. this pharmaceutical industry has compete their compete their competitor by the way of merging their industry. AstraZeneca is a largest pharmaceutical company in the world. The market has more competitors in pharmacy industry. The major competitor are Johnson Johnson, Bayer, Pfize, Novarties, Abbot Laboratories etc.. AstraZeneca has sustained their product by producing new product and medicines by the activity of research and development. http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/fm/pme/2006/00000003/00000002/art00009 (date: 12-01-2010, time: 3.45p.m) Research and Development is a strong basement to this AstraZeneca pharmaceutical industry. They are investing around $ 5 billion in 2008, for the research and development activities. They are actively participated in improving drugs pipeline and they aim to achieve major great medicines in 2010. They are launches two new molecular Entity to the develop their new medicines. Attribute measures of its strength and weakness: These refer to statements developed to identify or list a characteristic or quality, an organization possesses or likely to possess in the near future. Our key strength is the having sustainable growth in new products development in the R D department. Our key weakness is investing more money to research and Development. Here the strength is the research and development has a innovation of new product and development in a biological industry. But at the same time the weakness is to investing more money to the R D. AstraZeneca has dumping their money to R D centre rather than other department. So it should balance the investment to other business and other factor. But at the same time, it should concentrate is R D to improve new drug pipeline. Implementing Porters competitive strategies: It should compete on the basis of low cost, or should us different our medicines on some basis other than cost, such as quality or service. It should we compete head to head with our major competitors for the biggest but most sought after share of the market. The porters competitive strategies are based on the Lower cost strategy and Differentiation strategy. Lower cost strategy is followed by this pharmaceutical company, it has an ability to design, produce, and market a comparable product more efficiently than its competitors. Differentiation Strategy is focused the company, it ability to provide unique and superior value to the buyer in terms of product quality, special features, or after-sales service. The competitive strategies are followed by different types by the way of competitive advantage and competitive scope of the pharmaceutical company. The cost leadership is considered that the pharmaceutical company has aims to broad mass market and requires aggressive construction of efficient-scale facilities, vigorous pursuit of cost reductions from experience, tight cost and overhead control, avoidance of marginal customer accounts, and cost minimizing areas like R D, service, sales, force, advertising and so on. These companies have done in a marketing department and achieve its goal among competitors. Differentiation is aim to broad mass market and involves the creation of a product or service that is perceived throughout its industry as unique. This company has differentiated their product, medicines, its quality, technology, agri-products, and features of the medicines among other competitors. Cost focus is considered to focus the primary buyer group or geographic market and attempts to serve only this niche, to the exclusion of others. This company has focus the cancer, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, infection neuroscience and respiratory and inflammation patients. They founded by hospital and they improve their quality services at the same time low cost to the patients, Differentiation Focus strategy is concentrates its particular buyer group, product line segment, or geographic market. AstraZeneca has manufacturing its different countries and it focus some diseases group, which cant get the medicine easily for particular disease. So it focus differentiated among the competitor. These are competitive strategies has adopting and implementing to the AstraZeneca Pharmaceutical industry. Neil Ritson, Strategic Management, PHI, 2006 (date: 12-01-2010, time: 4.35p.m) Analysis of AstraZeneca Plc: AstraZeneca has mostly focuses on their new medicines and their development. They are developing their new drugs pipeline for various diseases like cancer, cardiology etc., There are 19 research and Development centers are available at various countries also focuses in Social responsible activities and they are increases their stake holder value. The future investment of research and development and new product development must balance each other. From these analyses, this pharmaceutical company has more strength rather than the weakness. So the company has performed well in the past records. More strategy has adopted in the review. It should used in a marketing department and it should develp these strategies for marketing department. http://www.healthlinks-events-bpc2009.co.uk/presentations/brent_vose%20tues%208th%2011.25%20Astra%20Zeneca%20Plenary%20-challenges%20and%20oportunities.pdf (date: 12-01-2010, time: 5.25p.m) Recommendations: AstraZeneca the pharmaceutical industry has investing more money to research and development, it means to they are dumping their only to research itself. It must also consider the marketing department to improve their effective sales growth. The R D department must come across more drug pipeline diseases like swine flue, cancer, cardiovascular, gastro intestinal, infection, neuroscience and respiratory and inflammation. The R D must use more agri product rather than the chemicals. So it leads to more quality to the patients. The company must also focus to the marketing department because there is more competitors to this industry. The company must use marketing strategy effectively which are considered into this review. Conclusion: In this review we are concluded that the company has more strength rather than the weakness because of the research and development. In future market there is more medicines are all increased by the competitor. So it should consider improving the research and development by effective biological sciences, technologies and quality conscious of fit workers. The AstraZeneca has performing in social responsibilities to the society. In future it may increase the sustainable growth in new product development.