Current Strategies And Business Model Marketing Essay

Current Strategies And Business Model Marketing Essay This study is considered about the AstraZeneca Plc Company by applying more strategies to their business growth. In this review it considered the key opportunities and challenges of AstraZeneca Plc Company for business growth by using more strategies. This study is required to increase their research and quality conscious of medicines. It analysis the internal organization to produce more quality and cost conscious of the product and also it analysis the strength and weakness of the company. It leads to more growth, sales and revenue of pharmaceutical industry. Table of Contents S.No. Particulars Page No. 1. Introduction 3 2. About AstraZeneca 3 3. Task I 4 4. Task II 11 5. Analysis of AstraZeneca 16 6. Recommendations 16 7. Conclusion 17 8. References 17 Introduction: The pharmaceutical industries are leads to more growth in the new product development. Nowadays there are more new medicines and drugs are created by the biological researchers. There is more business strategy and marketing strategies are used to develop their market and demand in the pharmaceutical industry. Here AstraZeneca Company has recommended to applying the more strategy to this study. In this study we are using descriptive research to this review. For this study, the reference has taken from various sources like journal, article, net links, magazines, textbooks etc. About Astrazeneca: AstraZeneca is one of the leading pharmaceutical company in the world. The company has formed in the year 1999, after the merger of Swedens Astra AB and UKs Zeneca Group plc. David Brennan is the CEO of the company. The head quarters of the company are in London, UK. The AstraZeneca has come across number of new product into the market. AstraZeneca is one of the Third largest pharmaceutical company in the world. There is largest Research Development Centre has formed and it invested about 16 million for every day. The research and development has produced lot of new product for cancer, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal etc.. after the company has merged and it produces a lot of new products and medicines for the patients and doctors. It has aimed to produce a great quality medicine and to innovate more medicines for lot of diseases. And it have objective to improve corporate responsibility to the society and shareholder. http://www.astrazeneca.co.uk/about-us/ (date: 11-01-2010, time: 3.15p.m) There are 66000 employees are working in the AstraZeneca among Europe, Asia, US, Africa etc. The AstraZeneca has 29 manufacturing Sites among the 19 countries. In 2006 the company has achieved $26.5 billion of over all profit. In 2008 the company has achieved and improved $31.5 billion profit. http://www.astrazeneca.co.uk/about-us/keyfacts?itemId=4142279nav=yes (date: 11-01-2010, time: 3.35p.m) TASK I Challenges faced by the AstraZeneca: The AstraZeneca is a largest pharmaceutical company in the world. It works around 100 countries in the world. There are more competitor for pharmaceutical industry. The competitors are Johnson Johnson, merek co, Novarties, Pfizer etc.. the competitor are in world level. So the company has compete world wide, and it challenges to other competitor in new product and development and research. There is more challenges the company has faced by the other outer environment. So the AstraZeneca has develop new medicines for cancer and other diseases. It must aim to give pain relief to the society. http://www.computing.co.uk/computing/news/2255053/case-study-astrazeneca (date: 11-01-2010, time: 4.12p.m) The AstraZeneca has innovate new products and it provide drug pipeline for cancer, cardiovascular and other diseases. So it aims to reduce the cost and it improve drug pipeline for challenging the competitor circle. AstraZeneca has improved its challenges by the way of reducing the cost of medicines and improving the drug pipeline for various diseases. They increase their research and Development centre to the world and it increase product innovation in medical field. Their vision to increase their market to world wide and innovation of great medicines and it must increase the stakeholder value. Mostly AstraZeneca research development is in Sweden, U.K and U.S. because there is more drugs and raw material has available in the particular place. And also they has more talented person in a biological fields. Strategic Research and Development Issues for challenging competitor: The RD manager is only the responsible for the suggesting and implementing the new medicines for the diseases and it must increase the drugs pipeline for the patients. They are improving their new product development by merging the RD department and technologies. The RD managers Job includes: Choosing among alternative new technology to use within the AstraZeneca pharmaceutical company, Development new methods of embodying the new technology in new products and processes and It deploying resources so that the new technology and medicines can be successfully implemented. Research Development Intensity: The company must make available the resources necessary for effective research and development. The AstraZeneca has spend around $3.9 billion for its research and development. The AstraZenecas R D Intensity is a principal means of gaining market share in global competition. So the R D department has focused the drug pipelines for different diseases and it give pain relief to the patients. The research and development has providing more innovative medicine for the patients to give more effective protection for the diseases. Technology Competence: The technology competence is used for both development and technology development in the R D department. The AstraZeneca has more technology to improve its each drugs pipeline to lead the pharmaceutical market. The R D department has improve their technology development for the growth full product of Arimidex, Crestor, Nexium, Seroquel, Symbicort etc., the product which develop in R D department for cancer, cardiovascular, gastreointestinal diseases, asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases etc., So it have the more technology competence for leading the market. http://www.astrazeneca.co.uk/about-us/keyfacts?itemId=4142279nav=yes (date: 11-01-2010, time: 6.19p.m) Technology Transfer: The Astra and Zeneca pharmaceutical company has merging together for improving its R D department and innovation of medicines for disease. So it transfers the technologies to improve the research and development process of each company. The technology transfer has given more challenges towards competitor of other pharmaceutical industry. Research and Development Mix: The R D mix has includes everything that would help to sales, quality control, different medicines and technology development of the AstraZeneca pharmaceutical industry. The company has increase its growth of new product and at the same time it maintain quality control of the medicines. The AstraZeneca R D development has got license to innovation of new medicines for the patients and it has intellectual property rights towards its new products. The R D department has maintain more valuable quality control from biological lab with using effective technologies, sales growth, technical laboratories, development of biological labs and more research information of medicines etc.. Strategic Marketing Challenges: The AstraZeneca Companys marketing manager should be focus the customer wants and product cost. Here the marketing manager must introduce the market position and segmentation, marketing mix and the product life cycle for facing leading competition among the world. Market position and Segmentation: This pharmaceutical industry has focus the hospital and patients who are really affected by the diseases, for new research development and it must increase the focused sales among competitors. The AstraZeneca has increased its sales in selected areas. The market has segmented by the new product and new medicines for the patients. Marketing Mix: The marketing mix is like 4 Ps. Promotion, Price, Place, Product are the marketing mix. The AstraZeneca product has more competition, and it have marketing mix to improve the quality and reducing the cost of medicines, which have the suitable place to sell the medicines to the customer. Product life cycle: AstraZeneca has a product life cycle. In 1999 the Astra and Zeneca Pharmaceutical company has merging and it has a introduction stage of the medicine. In 2000 it has an effective growth towards its medicines especially the product of Arimidex, Crestor, Nexium, Seroquel, Symbicort are have efficient growth. After some period it reached the maturity period and in summer time it has a declining stage of the product. This pharmaceutical company has product life cycle, it depends upon the environment and competitor. If it have various new product development means it have more maturity period of this laboratory industry. Source: Philip kotler Gary Armstrong, Principle of Marketing, Prentice Hall of India, 2007. (date: 10-01-2010, time: 7.13p.m) Key Opportunities of AstraZeneca: The Astra Zeneca has innovate more product and merging with other leading pharmaceutical company for developing more new product and medicines for leading future market among competitor. The AstraZeneca has developing its more valuable new product development and improve drugs pipelines. There is using more technologies and using developing more biological labs for developing its new medicines for the product. http://www.independent.co.uk/news/business/the-player-tom-mckillop-chief-executive-of-astrazeneca-creating-the-right-chemistry-1130990.html (date: 11-01-2010, time: 5.33p.m) Opportunities in Research and Development: There is more opportunities for providing new product and medicines to the customer from merging the pharmaceutical company and other biological labs. There are 22000 employees and they were expert in biological medicines are working research and development field. So they able to dedicate more new products and medicines to the rare diseases and it able increase its sales growth. AstraZeneca has improved its new pharmaceutical product of its continuous process. It must build more biological and innovation activities towards its new medicines. The AstraZeneca laboratories have more building capabilities towards its biological labs and build to research in new medicines from agri-chemical industries. This pharmaceutical industry has very talented in biological laboratories and agricultural chemical business for new medicines. So it have more valuable resources and talented employees in biological industries for the process of future development. This deliver that it develops more opportunities for its continuous growth in new product development and sales growth. Sustainable development of AstraZeneca: AstraZeneca has focus to sustain the continuous new product development. AstraZeneca has improved its research and development centre to the world wide for it sustain to increase its new medicines and innovation activities in pharmacy industry. Economic: The pharmaceutical industrial has impact on economic for increasing its economic value from its new products. So AstraZeneca Plc Company has more depended upon the economic and also in 2004 it increases its economic growth to the country. It has more opportunity to improve its economic development of the new product. Social: AstraZeneca has more value in social responsibilities and to give effective and protected medicine to the patients. So it has a impact in social and other things among the pharmaceutical company. Environment: The Company has environment impact towards its new medicines and research in biological industry. The environment should have the awareness about the diseases and new medicines of its protection. So the AstraZeneca has impact and opportunity in environment level of its new product development. Krishnamoorthy, Environmental Management, published by PHI, 2006. (date: 10-01-2010, time:8.23p.m) TASK II Internal and Organizational Analysis of AstraZeneca Pharmaceutical Industries: It must look at the environment, which AstraZeneca has to face in the market and the opportunities and threats that arise from it. It has an analysis towards its internal and organizational factors to improving its efficiency among competitor in world wide. The organization is depending upon the strength weakness of organization and it turned as opportunity for future. Historical: The AstraZeneca company has more sales after the period of 1999. Because the two pharmaceutical company has merging together and it gave a lot of new products and researches to the society. It 2006 the sales growth is $26.5 billion and in 2008 the sales growth has come around $31.5 billion. The companies profit also increases and it beyond its growth level. After 2008 only it became a down in share market and share value of the product. In that summer time the demand has decreased and the profit has slightly down. Normative: This criterion make use of the judgment, what ought to be the level of performance to classify and element as a strength or a weakness?. Based on industrial practices and personal opinion, norms for evaluation can be developed. The research and development has continuous growth of new product and in 2008 the revenue is $31.5 billion. So if the process of new product stage is declining in the research, then it will be says as weakness. The AstraZeneca company has continuous process of new product. It has a sustainable environment to market their product to the customer. AstraZeneca has come across number of new products and medicines for the cancer, cardiovascular, intestine etc.. Competitive Parity: This criterion was the action of successful competitors or potential competitors. The new medicines are produced by the usage of drugs and some other agri-products. The drugs must used in a certain level. It should not go beyond of the level of drugs in to medicines. The new product will be in quality conscious. Critical factor for Success: Each business is unique and has a set of minimum objectives (i.e) to improve their drugs pipeline and they can set minimum factors of medicine, which should give more effective to the patients. So they are the strength of the company. The critical factors are considered in the pharmaceutical industry and it has able to give continuous growth to the society. This will consider to over all strength to the resources of this pharmacy industry. Pearce, Strategic Management, PHI, 2006 (date: 12-01-2010, time: 3.15p.m) Strength and Weakness of the AstraZeneca Plc.: Internal Factors: Strength Weakness More research centres are in various countries. Brand Name Having skill, experience and quality of their researchers and lab staffs. Agricultural chemical industries are working towards it. Efficient development of R D investment. Key product Development Utilization of various technologies into the biological labs. Competitors are in world wide. The shareholder value is less when compare to other competitor. They invest $16 million to R D for every day to day work. They are dumping their investment to their research itself. Major competitor are Johnson Johnson, Pfize, Bayer, Abbot Laboratories etc.. In AstraZeneca Pharmaceutical industry has more strength of this company is, investment of research and development and continuous growth of new product development. The major weakness of AstraZeneca is a competitor. It has works over 100 countries around the world. so they are marketing their products in the International market. this pharmaceutical industry has compete their compete their competitor by the way of merging their industry. AstraZeneca is a largest pharmaceutical company in the world. The market has more competitors in pharmacy industry. The major competitor are Johnson Johnson, Bayer, Pfize, Novarties, Abbot Laboratories etc.. AstraZeneca has sustained their product by producing new product and medicines by the activity of research and development. http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/fm/pme/2006/00000003/00000002/art00009 (date: 12-01-2010, time: 3.45p.m) Research and Development is a strong basement to this AstraZeneca pharmaceutical industry. They are investing around $ 5 billion in 2008, for the research and development activities. They are actively participated in improving drugs pipeline and they aim to achieve major great medicines in 2010. They are launches two new molecular Entity to the develop their new medicines. Attribute measures of its strength and weakness: These refer to statements developed to identify or list a characteristic or quality, an organization possesses or likely to possess in the near future. Our key strength is the having sustainable growth in new products development in the R D department. Our key weakness is investing more money to research and Development. Here the strength is the research and development has a innovation of new product and development in a biological industry. But at the same time the weakness is to investing more money to the R D. AstraZeneca has dumping their money to R D centre rather than other department. So it should balance the investment to other business and other factor. But at the same time, it should concentrate is R D to improve new drug pipeline. Implementing Porters competitive strategies: It should compete on the basis of low cost, or should us different our medicines on some basis other than cost, such as quality or service. It should we compete head to head with our major competitors for the biggest but most sought after share of the market. The porters competitive strategies are based on the Lower cost strategy and Differentiation strategy. Lower cost strategy is followed by this pharmaceutical company, it has an ability to design, produce, and market a comparable product more efficiently than its competitors. Differentiation Strategy is focused the company, it ability to provide unique and superior value to the buyer in terms of product quality, special features, or after-sales service. The competitive strategies are followed by different types by the way of competitive advantage and competitive scope of the pharmaceutical company. The cost leadership is considered that the pharmaceutical company has aims to broad mass market and requires aggressive construction of efficient-scale facilities, vigorous pursuit of cost reductions from experience, tight cost and overhead control, avoidance of marginal customer accounts, and cost minimizing areas like R D, service, sales, force, advertising and so on. These companies have done in a marketing department and achieve its goal among competitors. Differentiation is aim to broad mass market and involves the creation of a product or service that is perceived throughout its industry as unique. This company has differentiated their product, medicines, its quality, technology, agri-products, and features of the medicines among other competitors. Cost focus is considered to focus the primary buyer group or geographic market and attempts to serve only this niche, to the exclusion of others. This company has focus the cancer, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, infection neuroscience and respiratory and inflammation patients. They founded by hospital and they improve their quality services at the same time low cost to the patients, Differentiation Focus strategy is concentrates its particular buyer group, product line segment, or geographic market. AstraZeneca has manufacturing its different countries and it focus some diseases group, which cant get the medicine easily for particular disease. So it focus differentiated among the competitor. These are competitive strategies has adopting and implementing to the AstraZeneca Pharmaceutical industry. Neil Ritson, Strategic Management, PHI, 2006 (date: 12-01-2010, time: 4.35p.m) Analysis of AstraZeneca Plc: AstraZeneca has mostly focuses on their new medicines and their development. They are developing their new drugs pipeline for various diseases like cancer, cardiology etc., There are 19 research and Development centers are available at various countries also focuses in Social responsible activities and they are increases their stake holder value. The future investment of research and development and new product development must balance each other. From these analyses, this pharmaceutical company has more strength rather than the weakness. So the company has performed well in the past records. More strategy has adopted in the review. It should used in a marketing department and it should develp these strategies for marketing department. http://www.healthlinks-events-bpc2009.co.uk/presentations/brent_vose%20tues%208th%2011.25%20Astra%20Zeneca%20Plenary%20-challenges%20and%20oportunities.pdf (date: 12-01-2010, time: 5.25p.m) Recommendations: AstraZeneca the pharmaceutical industry has investing more money to research and development, it means to they are dumping their only to research itself. It must also consider the marketing department to improve their effective sales growth. The R D department must come across more drug pipeline diseases like swine flue, cancer, cardiovascular, gastro intestinal, infection, neuroscience and respiratory and inflammation. The R D must use more agri product rather than the chemicals. So it leads to more quality to the patients. The company must also focus to the marketing department because there is more competitors to this industry. The company must use marketing strategy effectively which are considered into this review. Conclusion: In this review we are concluded that the company has more strength rather than the weakness because of the research and development. In future market there is more medicines are all increased by the competitor. So it should consider improving the research and development by effective biological sciences, technologies and quality conscious of fit workers. The AstraZeneca has performing in social responsibilities to the society. In future it may increase the sustainable growth in new product development.

Brain Abnormalities and Schizophrenia

The real etiology of schizophrenia is still a dream despite massive studies on the involvement of the brain. Studies of the brain through neuroimaging have revealed that frontal cortex, temporal lobe, and sub cortical structures are involved. Some of abnormalities in the brain of schizophrenic patients include enlarged ventricles, reduced volume of frontal cortex, temporal lobe cortex, and sub cortical structures like com/psychology-exam-3/">hippocampus and amygdala. These abnormalities have been persistently reported in schizophrenic patients and this shows that they are not functioning inadequately.Some of these abnormalities are present at the start and some even before the onset of psychosis and this is in support of neurodevelopment of theory of schizophrenia. The key neurotransmitter in schizophrenia is dopamine; however, there are others such as serotonin and glutamate which are also thought to play a role. Schizophrenia is an inherited condition, although genetic research has not come up with a clear conclusion on this matter may be because of the complexity of genetic involvement.Despite the fact that brain abnormalities are still not very clear in schizophrenia, the evidence is continuously pilling and this is driving towards a complicated disease of the brain network that is affected by genetically mediated developmental abnormality. Introduction Neuropathologists have been involved in research on schizophrenia for about hundred years. Despite the length of the research, the neuropathogy of the disorder is still not clear.Although they have made some steps in their quest since the beginning when they believed that it was a functional psychosis without structural basis, the main cause of the chronic disorder is still illusive. With the technological advancement in science, researchers have come to a common finding in patients diagnosed with schizophrenia and the common finding is brain abnormalities. These discoveries have made the researchers to wond er if the cause of schizophrenia is brain abnormalities and how the abnormalities arise.Despite recovery of some brain abnormalities in patients suffering from schizophrenia, most scientists maintained that some of the abnormalities realized are quite slight and some of them are not common in all schizophrenic patients and to occur exclusively in people with schizophrenia. Although these patients have structural pathologies in their brains, the developed abnormalities do not coincide with the disease duration. Some of the abnormalities realized remain the same throughout the development of the disease (Bhogal, 2002).Understanding of the abnormalities of the brain in schizophrenia is among the challenges currently facing the medical community. The numerous symptoms associated with schizophrenia points at the involvement of various regions of the brain or even a widespread of network or system. Conventional approaches of neurological disorders such as lesion studies or post mortem exa minations have defied efforts to understand the brain pathology in schizophrenia. Just like other fields of medicine, luck and destiny have help make major steps in discoveries like dopamine theory and anti psychotics which are used in the management of the disorder.Modern research in neuroscience such as neuroimaging has aided in improving the foundation knowledge of the disorder and has sustained the hope that complete understanding of the disorder will be realized in the future. In this paper, I am going to summarize the major brain abnormalities found in schizophrenia through neuroimaging (Haren, 2004). Just like other complicated diseases, there are numerous theories on schizophrenia as compared to facts. The initially neurodevelopment theory points at abnormalities in fetal brain development as the cause of the failure of brain functions in early adulthood.A series of information such as increased rate of obstetric complications, minor physical abnormalities, neurologic mild s igns, and slight behavioral abnormalities in children who later suffer from schizophrenia. This model is quite relevant to the development of schizophrenia in particular but also for other neuropsychiatric disorders (Bhogal, 2002). The major drawback of this model is that the prevalence of these signs in the non affected population is quite substantial therefore the positive predictive value in the development of schizophrenia is not convincing.The disease usually begins at adolescent or early childhood and early adulthood and this indicates brain maturational problem during that time or before the appearance of psychosis. Excessive synaptic or dendritic pruning during the time of onset of the disorder has been suggested as one of the potential mechanism explaining the onset of psychosis in adolescent or in early childhood, although the biology underlying this stage is still not very clear (Lawrie & Abukmeil, 1998).Neurodegenerative model is based on active biologic processes th at may be going on during the prodromal period or the usually prolonged period of untreated psychosis. Development of the disorder is also linked to environmental factors such as illicit drug use and psychosocial stress which are considered as potential secondary triggers which may be accompanying the beginning and the start of schizophrenia. The initial researchers believed that schizophrenia is associated with brain pathology.Emergence of imaging techniques such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography scanning (CTS) have seriously contributed to the detailed study of the brain. Through computed tomography brain abnormalities such as enlarged ventricles and reduced total brain volume have been reported in schizophrenic individuals and these findings were later confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging (Bhogal, 2002). Studies of the brain structures have also been made easy through improvement in segmentation techniques coupled with the use of MRI.These techniques can be used to identify grey from white matter and measuring of their volume. These also contributed to a more focused investigations of specific regions of the brain such as temporal, frontal lobes, and subcortical structures. Some of the consistent findings in these regions include alteration in structures such as hippocampus, amygdala, superior temporal gyrus, and platinum temporale (Lawrie & Abukmeil, 1998).Lateral temporal neocortical areas where primary auditory and auditory associations are located are the places of interest in schizophrenia since they are involved in thought processes. Most of the studies in the superior temporal gyrus in schizophrenic patients have always discovered reduced volumes of grey matter in the initial stages of the disorder together with those individuals who are genetically at risk of developing schizophrenia such as offspring of schizophrenic patients.Other structures of the brain which have also been reported to be abnormally small in schiz ophrenic patients include medial temporal structures such as hippocampus, amygdala, and parahippocampus gyri. These structures are also reported to be altered in other psychiatric disorders like mood disorders and post traumatic stress disorder (Lawrie & Abukmeil, 1998). Injuries sustained at the time of birth such as anoxia may be associated to hippocampus reduction and this is possibly due to neurodevelopmental abnormality.The finding is also common among concordant twins who had birth injuries. Medial temporal volume reductions have been discovered in people who are genetically at risk of developing schizophrenia. Reductions in the grey matter in the temporal regions of the brain have also been observed in people who are classified as having prodromal features of schizophrenia who have later on developed psychotic symptoms during the follow up (Haren, 2004). The highly developed region of the brain in man is the frontal lobe.It is involved in the modulations of higher brain f unctions such as planning, attention, and working memory. Behavioral and cognitive deficits like lack of motivation, defects in executive functions, Wisconsin card score sorting test and spatial working memory points at frontal lobe functional abnormalities in schizophrenic patients (Lawrie, 1999). Decreased blood flow to the frontal lobe is a common finding in schizophrenia. Despite the fact that this finding is not consisted, it can also be attributed to the complex nature of the region, it has been observed though quite slight.Basal ganglia which contain caudate, putamen, and globus pallidus are involved in information processing in the cortical and subcortical networks involved in integration of cognition, emotion, and motor function. These structures have been reported to be enlarged in patients using the conventional antipsychotics and this can lead to a conclusion that dopamine blockades causes an increase in volume of the above structures. Psychosis patients who have not use d any antipsychotics are reported to have a smaller caudate volume which implies that caudate may be involved in the development of psychoses.Thalamus acts as the regulatory board for sensory signals and has reciprocal connections to the frontal lobe. It has been suggested that the connections between these two structures are associated with schizophrenia. Thalamus is a bit difficult to measure using MRI, although the findings are inconsistent, smaller thalamus have always been reported in schizophrenic patients. Other anatomic abnormalities in schizophrenia include corpus callosum which is altered both in shape and structure therefore disruption in the integration between the hemispheres.In most humans, brain functions are lateralized with the left cerebrum being dominantly involved in language. There are proposals that developmental abnormalities of language, peculiar functions of the human beings, and its lateralization which is genetically mediated may be one of the causes of sc hizophrenia (Bhogal, 2002). Temporal lobe findings of smaller superior temporal gyrus and hippocampus have been reported to be in the left cerebrum and loss of normal asymmetry of the left superior temporal gyrus being a bit larger that the right has been reported in patients suffering from schizophrenia (Staal et.al, 2000). In the meta analysis study of laterality in schizophrenia, the researchers who were involved in this study concluded that there is a strong proof for decreased cerebral lateralization in schizophrenia more so in the language cortex. We can therefore summarize that structural imaging studies have discovered evidence of extensive anatomic alterations in the brain regions of schizophrenic patients.The regions highly altered in these patients include those mediating higher mental functions like thought, cognition, effect, and language both early in the illness and those at risks of developing the disorder like children born to schizophrenic patients (Haren, 2004). S ynapses and susceptibility genes Neuroimaging studies are in support of the possibility of neurodevelopmental abnormality in schizophrenia, neuronal, molecular, and neurochemical mechanisms underlying these brain abnormalities are not conclusive.High profile neuropathologic studies have revealed losses in synapse density and relatively normal or elevated neuronal numbers in schizophrenia, which indicates that the main defect may be synapse integrity. This discovery has elicited search for genes that may be associated with synapse integrity by the use of DNA microarray techniques. Post mortem findings on the patients with schizophrenia revealed under expression of a family of synapse related genes (Bhogal, 2002). Genetic factors are the main factors listed as being associated with schizophrenia, however the exact genes involved in susceptibility is still a puzzle.Although the initial studies on finding these genes was not successful, current studies have implicated several genes in t he development of schizophrenia and some of the genes include dysbindin-1, neuregulin-1, d-amino acid oxidase, its activator DAOA, and the regulator of G protein signaling 4. Recent proposals indicated that synapses, especially glutamatergic ones might be the site of initial abnormalities in schizophrenia with downstream disruption of neural circuitry and subsequent effect on other neurotransmitters (Lawrie, 1999). ConclusionsIt has become clear that the early scientists were right in their suspicion that the brain is involved in schizophrenia. This evidence cannot be disputed despite the fact that there is no comprehensive information on the etiology and pathophysiology of the disorder. The brain abnormalities in schizophrenia appear to be distributed in extensive areas supporting the fact that schizophrenia is a disorder associated with brain connections. We are still very far from understanding some of the major neuropsychiatric disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease.The mo lecular, physiologic, and neurochemical mechanisms underlying schizophrenia continues to evade our findings. Recent research on the disorder acts as the foundations for future fundamental discoveries on the nature of schizophrenia. References: Bhogal, B. (2002). Physical Brain Abnormality a Possible Cause of Schizophrenia. Retrieved on May 6, 2010 from http://serendip. brynmawr. edu/bb/neuro/neuro02/web1/bbhogal. html Haren, N. E. M. (2004). Brain abnormalities in schizophrenia: longitudinal and genetic aspects.Quebec: s. n. Lawrie, S. (Jan. 4, 1999). â€Å"Risk Of Schizophrenia Onset Linked To Brain Abnormalities. † The Lancet. Lawrie, S. M. & Abukmeil, S. S. (1998). â€Å"Brain abnormality in schizophrenia. A systematic and quantitative review of volumetric magnetic resonance imaging studies. † The British Journal of Psychiatry 172. Staal, G. S. et. al. (2000). â€Å"Structural Brain Abnormalities in Patients With Schizophrenia and Their Healthy Siblings. † American Journal of Psychiatry, 157.

If You Read Nothing Else Today, Read This Report on 12 Years a Slave Essay Topics

If You Read Nothing Else Today, Read This Report on 12 Years a Slave Essay Topics The Basic Facts of 12 Years a Slave Essay Topics Solomon Northup was a completely free man dwelling in New York State. Hence, you've got to make sure it's well-reviewed and well-written. A wealthy New Zealand has the capability to make sure that we're sustainable. If a young child becomes frightened, they may receive a childhood nightmare about certain life conditions. Needless to say, the ideal means is to order an essay online. Conclusions are the previous thing the examiner will read before deciding your grade an excellent thesis statement will reveal the reader the way the essay is going to be structured. Your response shouldn't be a book report. To begin with, your key to winning essay is a crystal clear comprehension of what you're likely to cope with. The Start of 12 Years a Slave Essay Topics The primary aim of topic choice for a proposal essay is to demonstrate the idea can be put into place in practice. In choosing your topic, it's frequently a good idea to start with a subject which you already have some familiarity with. Clarify how you are going to address your topic, identify sub-arguments you should prove to produce your large argument true. Don't neglect to explain why the challenge is significant to you! Write a paragraph to think about the importance of the question like answering it might help make sense or illustrate course themes. If you decide on one of these topics, you'll unquestionably succeed to draw the interest of your audience only because they involve the latest discussion topics. Attempting to select a topic please be gentle and consider your audience. Obviously, you may pick any other topic. The Demise of 12 Years a Slave Essay Topics If your paper includes more than only a simple discussion of security in schools, you may want to incorporate a small background information regarding gun control. Now you are aware that proposal essay has to be done employing the prescribed form. Wherever you study, the US, the united kingdom, or another nation, the essay is going to be delivered to you on time. You first explain how you want to analyze the matter, then you do so. The effect of the suitable therapy is a better knowledge of self and new advice on how a patient m ay overcome different stressful life conditions. Before listing the very best depression research topics, it is crucial to mention that by contacting a healthcare practitioner it's possible to collect necessary info and top suggestions to implement in your study. Try to remember your controversial research paper won't fix the problem, it's required to teach you to examine the matter from all the sides possible and hold the discussion. Conduct a research before you are able to even start to offer you an answer here. Quite simply, the aim of slave masters was to acquire maximum returns from slaves with respect to output in the plantations. In the opinion of the critics, slaves couldn't make such a request since they were living a contented live. Nonetheless, the slave isn't the only person who suffers. The other slaves are incredulous he had never told them. The Foolproof Years a Slave Essay Topics Strategy Once you receive an idea, the practice of writing will be much simpl er. At the beginning of the game, the user makes a fictional character, and customizes its physical look. Obviously, you can begin with a broader concept, and bring the audience to your primary statement. The topic sentence is a sentence that's used at the launch of a paragraph to inform the reader what it's that you're going to be speaking about in that paragraph. With the aid of our essay samples it's easier. To acquire the maximum grade for your essay, you need not just to fill it with pertinent info and dependable facts or examples from your own personal life. The option of compare and contrast essay topics isn't a simple task because you should clearly show your analytical skills. The assistance of the very best essay samples will be helpful. If you still doubt whether you are able to deal with this kind of assignment for a definition essay alone, we're pleased to inform you that there's an exceptional solution! Our experts enable you to comprehend what is needed when you're choosing proposal essay topics. If you are searching for assistance with your essay then we provide a comprehensive writing service offered by fully qualified academics in your area of study. 12 Years a Slave Essay Topics - Is it a Scam? Remember your final grade significantly is based on the topic. Curriculum proposal topics is a means to try. Students frequently have zero idea what things to write about that. The ways they should be taught about their health.

Strawberries and Obesity - 688 Words

To the Editor, It is quite noticeable that obesity rates in the United States are continually rising. When a person is obese, they have an increase risk to diseases such as type-2 diabetes, heart disease, various cancers, etc. (Haslam James 2005). There are countless studies conducted to see the possible effects obesity can cause to an individual. One study concluded, if two obese individuals have a child, that child has a high percentage of being obese as well (Kolata 2007). Although there are different methods to help individuals lose weight, there are different reasons for people not to lose the excess weight. The most common responses for individual’s not to lose weight are, â€Å"I don’t have time to go to the gym,† â€Å"Workout DVD’s are expensive,† and â€Å"Healthy and fresh foods are too expensive for me to buy.† Nevertheless, if there was only one fruit that could possibly help any individual’s health dilemma(s), that fruit should be stra wberries. Studying the effects of what strawberries can do to an individual’s health is a relatively new study. Nonetheless, there was a study conducted in Oklahoma, to examine the effects strawberries had on women who were obese and women who were healthy (Basu et al 2009). For four-weeks, the study was preformed; the researchers had the women drink strawberry flavonoids equivalent to amount of fresh fruit serving everyday (Basu et al 2009). Based off observation, strawberries are have a beneficial cardiovascular effect on the women (BasuShow MoreRelatedProducts And Pricing : The First Product Of Lindt1093 Words   |  5 Pageschocolate mixed with Wasabi †¢ Pistachio: milk chocolate with creamy pistachio filling †¢ Mandarin: milk chocolate with creamy mandarin filling †¢ Strawberry: milk chocolate with creamy white chocolate strawberry filling †¢ Strawberry Margarita: capsule form with strawberry and margarita filling †¢ White strawberry: white chocolate with strawberry pieces †¢ Orange: milk chocolate with creamy orange flavored filling †¢ Cuba: 55% cocoa, single origin Cuba †¢ Madagascar: 70% cocoa, single originRead MoreMcdonald s Fries : The Holy Grail Of French Fries1032 Words   |  5 Pagesethyl methlphenylglycidate. Yes, the flavorist are doing what they do best. Conjuring up flavors and aromas to keep us coming back for more. â€Å"A typical artificial strawberry flavor, found in a Burger King shake† (Schlosser 54), is laced with 48 chemical that the average person couldn’t pronounce; not once does it mention strawberries. They also have pigments or colors made from ground up bugs to enhance the product even more. Flavorist will even boast with pride when they tell you a â€Å"well-made flavoredRead MoreAn Exploration On Identification Of Malady And Organic Product1397 Words   |  6 Pagesapplications related with picture handling for agribusiness. Like gathering, evaluating, distinguishing harm and ailment, plant development checking are as under: Naturally evaluating of organic products for oil new organic product bundles and strawberry. Computing the extent of products of the soil readiness of natural product for its quality given in. Crop sickness and creepy crawlies on products are recognizing for bug administration framework. Xavier give the ongoing picture preparing frameworkRead More3 Day Food Intake1027 Words   |  5 Pagestarget I need to add more lean or low fat meat and poultry, beans and peas, and eggs. The range for carbohydrates is 308- 445g and I only consume 281g placing me below the recommended target. The main source of carbohydrates is McDonald smoothie strawberry-banana, Big Mac, McDonald medium French fries and lays potato chips sour cream and onion. To reach my recommended target I will have to add more whole grain, brown rice, and whole fruit instead of juice. The range for lipid intake is on the lowerRead MorePersuasive Essay On Healthy Food1271 Words   |  6 Pageschoice of a burger or grilled veg etables, most would choose the burger. These choices have lead us down a path littered with food related diseases, illnesses and rising healthcare costs. The state of Americans health is declining due to increasing obesity, diabetes and related illnesses despite having access to healthy food options due to lack of education, poor personal choices and perception of food cost. Some people argue that Americans have unhealthy eating habits due to the high cost of healthyRead MoreEffects Of Obesity On Children s Self Image1177 Words   |  5 Pages Childhood obesity has nearly doubled in the past 30 years. Being obese is classified as having an excess amount of body fat. Obesity in children has detrimental effects. Children who experience obesity are more likely to suffer from different health effects such as cardiovascular disease, various cancers, diabetes and much more. Besides these obvious health factors, being overweight can also lead to children being teased, which can lead to children having a negative self image. Self-image is crucialRead MoreThe Harmful Effects of Convenience Foods1940 Words   |  8 Pages and now even in some developing countries, myocardial infarction is a major cause of total deaths. This is due to the deposition of unhealthy fats in blood vessels that cause various ill effects. Obesity, hypertension, diabetes mellitus and stroke are some of these adverse events. (Childhood obesity facts, 2011) Convenience foods are labor saving. Surveys have shown that in todays world, individuals are less likely to cook their meal and more likely to purchase something ready to eat. ThisRead MoreThe hCG Diet Essay1497 Words   |  6 Pagesone vegetable with lunch is allowed from the following: green salad, spinach, chard, chicory, tomatoes, celery, fennel, onions, red radishes, cucumbers, asparagus, cabbage. †¢ One breadstick or melba toast †¢ An apple, orange, or a handful of strawberries or one-half grapefruit. †¢ Dinner is the same as your lunch choices. †¢ Tea, coffee, plain water or mineral water are allowed in any quantity at any time. The juice of one lemon daily is allowed for all purposes. Salt (minimal), pepper, vinegarRead MoreObesity : Obesity And Obesity Essay1740 Words   |  7 Pagesworse, more than 6.3% percent of America’s population has extreme obesity. These statistics keep rising, with a prediction that all fifty states will have obesity rates above 44% by 2030, with some as high as 66.7% (Hellmich). So what is obesity? Obesity is defined as being about thirty pounds over a healthy weight. The â€Å"healthy weight† depends on several factors such as age, gender, and height. The extra weight that comes with obesity can cause or increase the risk for several illnesses such as diabetesRead MoreNutrition And Weight Status On The City Of Miami Gardens, Florida, Dade County1083 Words   |  5 Pagescontribute to a lot of health problems in the United States of America. For example, a double quarter pou nder with cheese that only cost $4.79 from McDonalds contains 740 in calories, 42g of fat, 43g carbohydrates, 47g protein and 1300mg in sodium. Obesity contributes to a lot of health problems and is growing rapidly. This is the main reason why I would like to focus my study in Nutrition and Weight Status in the city of Miami Gardens, Florida, Dade County. It is the city where I reside and can witness